LeetCode-ALg-844-BackspaceStringCompare

Algorithm-Easy

Posted by Jae on September 29, 2018

1、题目

Given two strings S and T, return if they are equal when both are typed into empty text editors. # means a backspace character.

Example 1:

Input: S = "ab#c", T = "ad#c"
Output: true
Explanation: Both S and T become "ac".

Example 2:

Input: S = "ab##", T = "c#d#"
Output: true
Explanation: Both S and T become "".

Example 3:

Input: S = "a##c", T = "#a#c"
Output: true
Explanation: Both S and T become "c".

Example 4:

Input: S = "a#c", T = "b"
Output: false
Explanation: S becomes "c" while T becomes "b".

1 <= S.length <= 200
1 <= T.length <= 200
S and T only contain lowercase letters and '#' characters.

2、要求

  • 时间复杂度为O(n)
  • 空间复杂度为O(1)

2、思路

  • 思路一:定义两个空栈,将非#字符入栈,如果遇到#就将栈定元素弹出, 直到遍历完该字符串。
  • 思路二:定义一个函数用来格式化字符串,

    1、定义两个指针i j分别指向字符串的最后一个元素;

    2、j所指的字符不为#则将j指向的值赋给i指向的位置,否则跳转到步骤3;

    3、j指针往前遍历,统计#连续出现的次数和赋值给count变量;

    4、j指针往前跳过count个字符,过程中如果j遇到的非#则跳过,否则count++,直到跳过count个字符

    5、返回i之后的字串,即是格式化后的字符串

3、思路一实现(c++)

class Solution {
public:
    bool backspaceCompare(string S, string T) {
        //定义两个空栈
        stack<char, vector<char>> a_stk;  
        stack<char, vector<char>> b_stk;
        for (char c : S)
        {
            if (c != '#')
            {
                a_stk.push(c);
            }
            else if(a_stk.empty())
            {
                continue;
            }
            else
            {
                a_stk.pop(); //弹出栈顶元素
            }
        }
        for (char c : T)
        {
            if (c != '#')
            {
                b_stk.push(c);
            }
            else if(b_stk.empty())
            {
                continue;
            }
            else
            {
                b_stk.pop(); //弹出栈顶元素
            }
        }

        return a_stk == b_stk; //相当于比较容器适配器底层的容器
    }
}; ### 4、思路二实现(Java)
public class Solution {

    private String formatStr(String str)
    {
        if (str.length() == 0)
        {
            return str;
        }

        int i = str.length() - 1;
        int j = i;
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(str);
        while (j >= 0 && i >= 0)
        {
            if (str.charAt(j) != '#')
            {
                sb.setCharAt(i, sb.charAt(j));
                i--;
                j--;
            }else
            {
                int count = 0;
                while (j >= 0 && str.charAt(j) == '#')
                {
                    count++;
                    j--;
                }
                // 跳过需要忽略的字符,如果在忽略字符中再次遇到#,继续增加计数器
                while (j >= 0 && count > 0)
                {
                    if(str.charAt(j) != '#')
                    {
                        j--;
                        count--;
                    }else
                    {
                        j--;
                        count++;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return sb.toString().substring(i+1, str.length());
    }

    public boolean backspaceCompare(String S, String T) {
        String s = formatStr(S);
        String t = formatStr(T);
        return s.equals(t);
    }
} ### 5、他山之石

在查看别人的所提交的代码中发现一种解法,其实和思路二类似不过人家实现的代码更简单: 将字符串从后往前,将#与所对应字符呼唤位置,然后返回新子串的开始下标。

如 string S = "abc##c";
经过转换后变为 S变为abc#ac,并返回新子串开始下标4;
最后比较两个子串是否相等。

6、实现(C++)

int squeeze(string& S)
    {
        int i = S.size()-1;
        int j = S.size()-1;
        int count = 0;

        while (i>=0)
        {
            while (count>0 || i>=0 && S[i]=='#')
            {
                if (S[i]=='#')
                    ++count;
                else
                    --count;
                --i;
            }
            if (i>=0)
            {
                S[j] = S[i];
                --j;
                --i;
            }
        }
        return j + 1;
    }

bool backspaceCompare2(string S, string T)
{
    int i = squeeze(S);
    int j = squeeze(T);

    return S.substr(i) == T.substr(j);
}

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